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Garment Washing Research Highlights Wool's Eco-Credentials

Woollen garments are washed less frequently than clothes made from synthetics, cotton and cellulosic fibres, according to an Australian Wool Innovation-funded scientific study. The garments made from wool therefore have the least environmental impact of all these fibres during the 'use phase' of a garment's life cycle, AWI said. The study's report published last September in the peer-reviewed journal Sustainability, found that garments made from different fibres are cleaned by consumers in different ways and therefore have significantly different environmental impacts during the use phase of the garment. The results highlight the positive eco-credentials of wool, AWI said. The study found that laundering frequency is the most influential factor for differences in the environmental impacts per wear between garment types. "Woollen garments have the lowest water and energy use per wear, as well as related greenhouse gas emissions, mainly due to the reduced laundering frequency." AWI programme manager for fibre advocacy and eco-credentials, Angus Ireland, said, "Consumers who are aware that their wool clothes require less washing - because of wool's natural resistance to odour, stains and wrinkles - have the greatest influence on the sustainability of their garments. The fact that wool clothes need less frequent washing not only reduces energy and water consumption, it also preserves the as-new look of the garment, enabling consumers to continue wearing it for longer." The journal article is based on the results of a quantitative wardrobe survey, undertaken by AC Nielsen, of more than 200 consumers from each of China, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA - and additional qualitative laundry diary data of 30 consumers from each of those five countries. AWI said the research provided quantified and robust data about the environmental impacts of cleaning different types of garments, which will help ensure accurate and positive environmental assessments for apparel products containing wool. The results will be used, for example, during AWI's engagement with the European Union's Product Environmental Footprinting initiative which is expected to soon become the most influential market-facing reporting system for environmental credentials. Ireland said while the study showed that wool's eco-credentials shine during the 'use phase' of a garment due to its need for infrequent laundering, there is potential for wool's impact to be reduced even further because not everybody knows about wool's easy care attributes. "To remedy this, AWI through its marketing arm The Woolmark Company is regularly putting out educational material about how easy and low maintenance it is to look after wool apparel."